sociological study of the economic consequences of the market and cross-border trade (critical ethnography of baneh border market)

the purpose of this study was critical understanding of economic consequences of emergence and development of border market from the view point of perception, interpretation and experience of the people. in fact, cross-border market in kurdish regions has developed after the changes happened in iraq in last decades. hence, the study of the consequences of emergence and development of these types of markets is important from sociological point of view. this study, in theoretical section has its roots in theoretical perspective of theorists such as bourdieu, simmel, polanyi, and sandels and also in methodological section, critical ethnography method is used. the research context was baneh border market that data were collected with the method of theoretical sampling, and interview, dialogue, focus group and documentary analysis. the findings presented using with method of open and axial coding method in two levels; descriptive and analytical. in descriptive level, research findings categorized in two axial categories of history of trade and border market in baneh as well as growth and expansion of business and consumer spaces. in analytical level, research findings have also shown that most important consequences of border and trade market are servicization of society, increase of immigration, hegemonaization of money, undermine of the traditional modes of production, undermine of middle class, emergence of new-money wealthy merchants, increasing economic inequality and the commodification of space. in the end, the relationship of the results of the study with literature and theoretical perspective discussed and analyzed. this article is an attempt to critical understands of economic consequence of emergence and development of border market from the point of view perception, interpretation and experience of the people. the reality is that cross-border market in kurdish regions has development after iraq changes in last decades. hence, the study of the consequence of emergence and development of these markets is important in term of sociological approach. this study, in theoretical section used from theoretical perspective of theorists such as bourdieu, simmel, polanyi, and sandels and also in methodological section, critical ethnography used. society research was baneh border market that with the method of theoretical sampling, sixty-five of person selected and interviewed. also findings with method of open and axial coding in two levels, descriptive and analytical, presented. in descriptive level, research findings categorized in two axial categories of history of trade and border market in baneh as well as growth and expansion of business and consumer spaces. also, in analytical section, findings research have shown that most important consequences of border and trade market are servicization of society, increase of immigration, hegemonaization of money, undermine of the traditional modes of production, undermine of middle class, increasing economic inequality and the commodification of space. in the end, relationship of the results of the study with literature and theoretical perspective discussed and analyzed.